Public Administration Essay Writing Guide All You Need to Know

Public Administration Essay Writing Guide All You Need to Know Public Administration is a complex academic discipline that studies the implementation of government policies and prepares students for working in the public sector. The field of public administration has a diverse scope of application, including the management of public and state programs, the analysis of government initiatives, and appropriate approaches to creating alternative policies. Undoubtedly, public administration is a difficult discipline for many learners who eventually want to become public administrators and work at all levels of the government such as labor, energy, security, commerce, agriculture, and many others. Therefore, public administration essay writing provides students with an opportunity to enhance their skills, enrich their knowledge, and gain useful experience in the field of public services. Apart from understanding what public administration deals with, the following list of questions will help you become confident about your essay: Are you aware of public administration basics? Do you have the profound knowledge of the essay topic? Can you apply your knowledge in practice effectively? Are you able to explain government policies and regulations with the use of relevant public administration theories? Can you distinguish the main arguments and draw proper conclusions? How can your work be valuable in the field of public administration? Are you satisfied with the research ideas and subsequent results? Will you write an identical essay if you have a chance to change it somehow? With these questions in mind, you should plan your writing process, showing attention to every detail. Looking through this list of questions will help you understand your professor’s expectations regarding your future public administration essay. Before writing an essay, you should make up in your mind what you will write about and how you will approach the topic. The given guide is to help you with writing a perfect public administration essay. Choosing a Suitable Topic for a Public Administration Essay Certainly, there is a wide range of topics that can be used in public administration essay. However, your main task is to develop an interesting and original topic that will express as many points as possible. If you do not have a particular topic for your essay, you should create it by yourself. For this, you should be: Creative. Apply all creativity you can and let your mind wander along the most interesting essay topics in public administration. For example, if you take Medicare, namely the latest health care reform in the United States and write about its advantages and disadvantages for society, it will be an essay of little value and importance. Many professionals in public administration have already analyzed Instead, try to think big and write about how public administration approach to healthcare changed over time using the example of the Medicare reform. Try to be objective when analyzing facts and forming judgments. Choose a complex topic that will have different definitions and various treatments in the field. Perform a rational and unbiased analysis of the topic instead of listing the benefits of a particular matter. For instance, if you want to write your public administration essay about the death penalty, make it multifaceted instead of just criticizing or praising the reform implementation. Thus, you should attempt to show many perspectives, including cultural, social, criminal, and historical points of view, to show that you see a big picture concerning the issue. Open-minded. Do not focus on a particular area of public administration for your analysis. You should be open-minded and willing to consider different ideas when choosing a suitable topic for your essay. For example, if you want to write on drug control policies in businesses and cannot create a right topic, write about drug control policies in media, schools, religious organizations, or healthcare institutions. Remember that the more time you spend on your choice of the topic, the less time you will have for the writing process. Thus, being open-minded, critical, and creative, you will have more chances to choose a suitable topic for your public administration essay. Besides, the following list of topics will help you organize your ideas and make up your own title for an essay: The Influence of Public Administration Policies on the Public Interest; The Comparison between Fraud and Stealing as Popular Public Issues; The Practicability of Max Weber’s Classical Model Theory in Public Administration; Net Neutrality in Public Administration Discourse; The Connection between Public Administration and the Organizational Environment; Rourkes Views on Federalism and Bureaucracies; The Impact of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on Policy Formulation; The Role of Political Pressure on the Success of Public Administration Services; The Main Causes of Tense Relationships between the Public and Political Leaders. You should also remember that whatever topic you aim at, it can encompass various disciplines as well, for example, Law, Politics, Business, or Economics. 3 Main Aspects of Public Administration Essay Writing Our Experts Highlight Before you reflect upon a particular topic that you have chosen, review the three pillars of the public administration essay writing: efficiency, effectiveness, and economy. Efficiency is a very important concept in the field of public administration that is highly valued by educational instructors. It means that you can wisely utilize your resources and demonstrate the relationship between them in the essay. If you can show the logical connection between your sources of information, your essay can be called efficient. For example, if you write about the pay and benefits package for social and government workers and mainly use the information from the National Security Agency website, it means that you don’t appropriately distribute the resources throughout your essay, and your work is inefficient. Effectiveness is also an essential aspect in public administration essay writing. As such, your professor is likely to assess the extent to which you achieve your objectives or goals determined in the introductory paragraph. If you manage to justify your point of view, your essay is effective. For instance, if you set a goal in your introduction to define measures of corruption and human rights violations, but in conclusion, you reflect upon methods for dealing with them, your essay is ineffective. Economy is a central concept in administration essay writing since it is vital to use the minimum amount of sources cited and the maximum amount of your personal analysis and justification. If your public administration essay is filled with many in-text citations, it will resemble a simple literature review. In particular, it happens when you write about a macro issue in public administration such as the range of governmental activities from failed states to complete socialism. As a result, your essay is full of in-text citations from different journals and encyclopedias. It implies that your concept of the economy failed. The Well-Developed Structure of a Public Administration Essay When you choose an appropriate topic for your public administration essay, you should look through and understand the structure of this type of assignment. It is true that the public administration essay structure is similar to the essay structure in other disciplines. The skeleton of the essay, which includes an introduction, main body, and conclusion, is the foundation of any writing assignment. The only difference is in the way you use your sources and present them to the reader. That is why it is significant to review all segments of your future essay in detail. Introduction That Works Well The main aim of the introduction is to present your topic to the reader and give sufficient background information about the major issues. As such, you should provide your rationale behind the work and demonstrate its significance in the field of public administration. The introduction is designed to grab the reader’s attention and raise his/her interest. The hook can include a bold statement, surprising statistical data, or some quote from a popular public administrator. Make your introductory paragraph as concise as possible to provide only an overall review of your essay. The concluding statement of the introduction should be your thesis statement in which you present your position on the essay topic. In general, a thesis statement represents an accurate summary of the objectives you want to reach in your essay. It is one of the most important elements of the essay because it tells the reader what arguments you will justify in the main body. It is important to write a thesis statement in one sentence which will serve as a basis for your subsequent argumentation. To make your thesis statement as effective as possible, you should ensure that it directly answers the question of the essay and makes a claim that can be disputable. The following list contains examples of strong and effective thesis statements: In the field of public administration, the most significant organizational challenges include the advancement of technology, ethical governance, and human resource management. A role of citizenship and benevolence in a fair public administration is discussed in relation to the main causes of the tense relationship between the public and politics. Corruption is detrimental to the welfare of the public administration domain due to wrong decisions, decreased public interest, and possible violation of human rights. Main Body That Develops Your Thesis Statement The main body is probably the most significant part of your essay because your thesis statement will not work unless you prove it using strong arguments. In the main body of your public administration essay, you should show how you analyze a topic. Every question you are going to discuss should appear in a separate paragraph. In addition, every paragraph should begin with a topic sentence in which you present your argument and a concluding statement where you decide whether the further analysis proved or refuted your argument. You should not add any irrelevant information to your essay simply to meet the word count. It would be a great idea to organize your main body in the way that more important arguments appear first. Conclusion That Completes Your Essay Logically After your essay is finished, you come to writing a conclusion as a logical completion. In other words, frame your analysis in the best logical way to make your work more appealing to the reader in conclusion. Hence, you should restate your thesis statement and summarize the main arguments mentioned in the essay body. Logically, your conclusion should show the results of all findings briefly. You should consider the conclusion as the last opportunity to convince your professor that your essay is efficient and effective at the same time. Thus, it deserves a good grade. Remember that you cannot introduce new concepts and ideas that are not mentioned in the main body of your essay. Instead, you should focus on the essential arguments of the public administration essay and formulate the ultimate meaning. General Public Administration Essay Recommendations on Citing If you already know how to choose a suitable topic, structure your essay, and express your thoughts proficiently, you should know how to choose and use information sources. In the process of writing a public administration essay, you will significantly rely on the others’ ideas. Indeed, it is vital to cite them in the text correctly. A list of references used in the essay can contain various scholarly books, scientific articles, and online articles from educational and governmental websites. You should note that the extended information about the used sources should be placed on the last page of your essay. Additionally, organize your bibliography in an alphabetical order. Remember that each time you use the opinion of other people, you should cite it according to the rules of referencing. Every piece of information that is not the common knowledge should be cited in your public administration essay to avoid plagiarism issues. Example of the in-text citation in MLA style: The modern public administration is independent of social and political systems, representing a cooperative group effort in a public setting (Fry and Raadschelders 56). Example of the in-text citation in APA style: The integral view on public administration was endorsed by L.D. White and Dimock who supported radical actions plans and reform processes (Fry Raadschelders, 2014). Example of the extended reference in MLA style: Fry, Brian R., and Jos C. N. Raadschelders. Mastering Public Administration: from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Sage, 2014. Example of the extended reference in APA style: Fry, B. R., Raadschelders, J. C. (2014). Mastering public administration: From Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Los Angeles: Sage. Proofreading Tips You Need Right Now to Improve Your Essay After you write your public administration essay and identify the main sources, it is important to check your essay for different errors you can make as a budding specialist in writing. Remember that you cannot use the first person â€Å"I† and â€Å"We† in your essay because it will make your work more informal. All statistics, ideas, facts, and statements should be presented in a scholarly manner. Examine the paper content.   Double check whether your essay looks appealing and raises the reader’s interest. You also should check the consistency of your paper and assess the effectiveness of your analysis. All information presented in your public administration essay should be up to a point and in its place. Get rid of all possible mistakes in grammar, syntax or punctuation. The correct writing of words in a rush can be one of the obstacles in the academic way to get high marks. You can’t let yourself to spoil the student’s reputation by making a mistake in some words, for example, in ‘achieve’, ‘beginning’, ‘environment’ or in any other words from the list of common spelling mistakes. Use these public administration essay writing prompts to produce an excellent academic paper that is worthy of high marks. Being supported in academic writing helps you make progress not mistakes. References A Short List Of Interesting And Unusual Public Administration Research Paper Topics. (2017).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from biodieseluniversity.org/original-topis-for-a-public-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   administration-research-paper.jsp Bibliographies in Public Administration. (2016). Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/aspa/unpan020143.pdf Fifteen Topic Ideas for Creating a Great Research Paper in Public Administration. (2016).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from shawndaviswrites.com/a-list-of-research-paper- topics-in-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   public-administration Fry, B. R., Raadschelders, J. C. (2014). Mastering public administration: From Max Weber to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dwight Waldo. Los Angeles: Sage. Public Administration Dissertations. (2018). Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/pubadmin_theses/ Research Guides: Public Affairs, Public Service, and Public Administration: Home. (2018).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from https://libguides.rutgers.edu/c.php?g=336441p=2265877 Writing Centre Resource Guide: Home. (2017). Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://dal.ca.libguides.com/c.php?g=257176p=1718033

How To Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing - CoSchedule Blog

How To Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing Blog There’s a lot of talk about social media video these days. However, sometimes Twitter gets overshadowed in that discussion by Facebook and other rivals. That’s a shame, because the platform has done a lot to create new opportunities for social video marketing. If Twitter is keeping pace with social media video trends, then marketers and content creators should be too. In this post, we’ll cover: How to shoot and upload Twitter video. Which types of Twitter video content perform best. How to schedule video tweets along with your other content. Think you dont have video skills? No problem. Youll feel like the next Spielberg by the time were done. How To Get Started With Twitter Video MarketingTo help with your video projects, download our free video script template: Why Does Twitter Video Matter? Video content is gaining steam on social media. That includes on Twitter. A 2015 report from Twitter  confirmed some interesting statistics: 82% of users watch video on Twitter 90% of those views happen on a mobile device 41% of users think Twitter is a great place to find video content That should settle any skepticism. Despite these stats, not all brands are creating Twitter content. That means more opportunity for you to stand out. Did you know 82% of users watch video on Twitter? How To Create Twitter Video Content There are three ways to create video content on Twitter: Shooting video in-app using Twitter Video. Directly uploading video files. Sharing video links from YouTube (and other video sharing services). Let’s walk through how each method works. How To Shoot Video Using The Mobile App Shooting video directly in the Twitter mobile app is simple. Here’s how it works: 1. Download the Twitter mobile app (iOS or Android). 2. Open a new tweet window and press the camera icon: 3. Next, select the video camera icon: 4. Then, hold down the button to record your video: Once you’ve shot your video, you’ll be able to upload it directly to Twitter. These screenshots were taken on an Android device. However, the steps are the same for iOS users (the icons just look slightly different). For further details and in-app video editing direction, check out Twitter’s help documentation. How To Import Video From Your Phone Importing video from your phone to Twitter is easy, too. 1. Open a new tweet window and select your video: 2. Next, you’ll have an opportunity to edit your video: 3. Finally, write your post copy and publish your video: How To Direct Upload Video Files To Twitter What if you have a video file you want to share on Twitter? That’s easy enough as well. On Mobile 1. Open a new Tweet window. 2. Select your video from your available media: 3. Write your message and publish your video tweet. On Desktop 1. Open a new tweet window and click the camera button: 2. Find a video file to upload: 3. If your video is longer than 2:20, you’ll need to edit it down. Fortunately, Twitter makes it easy to select which portion of your video you’d like to post. Click and drag the blue tab left or right to make your selection: 4. Write your tweet and publish it. That's it! What About YouTube Links? Videos directly uploaded to Twitter look awesome. However, chances are you’ll want to share YouTube links, too. No problem. YouTube videos look great on Twitter as well, and you don’t need to do anything more than paste your URL. Here’s what the live tweet looks like: Clicking the thumbnail then expands the video player: Recommended Reading: Introducing Social Video from What Are The Pro’s And Con’s Of Video On Twitter? Twitter's mobile app  has cool applications for shooting video in the moment. If your video is already created though, you have a choice to make. Should you upload it to YouTube, and then paste the link in a tweet? Or should you upload your video file directly? It depends.  Before making a decision, you’ll need to weigh  some pros and cons. What Are Twitter’s Technical Requirements For Video? What Equipment Do I Need To Succeed? You just need a phone or a camera, right? Sure, that’s a start. But what about mics? And what kind of camera? Does it matter if you have an iPhone or Android device? Let’s run through your options. iPhone Vs. Android: The Eternal Debate If you plan on shooting mobile video, either iPhone or Android smart phone will work. Windows phone users can’t shoot in-app video, but you can always use your phone’s video camera, and then upload the file via the Twitter app. How Can I Get Better Sound? Smartphone mics are decent enough for basic purposes. If you want better audio quality though, external microphones can help. There are also some simple tactics you can employ. This video from StoryGuide offers an excellent primer on improving smartphone audio recording quality: Got The Coffee Shakes? Get Yourself A Tripod. If you’re handholding your phone while shooting video, some shakiness is inevitable. For those times you need a steady shot, though, a tripod can help. A search for â€Å"smartphone tripod† on Amazon gets more than 500 results, ranging in price to fit your budget (disclaimer: Amazon didn’t pay us anything for this link). What About Editing Software? If you plan on editing your videos outside the Twitter app, and then uploading them later, you’ll need editing software. Windows Movie Maker (Windows) and iMovie (Mac/iOS) are both more than good enough for basic needs. Recommended Reading: How To Do The Best Content Marketing On A Limited Budget Which Types Of Marketing Videos Should I Shoot For Twitter? Now we’re ready to actually shoot some videos. But, what kind of video will you create? We have some ideas to share. How-To Videos How-to videos are essential for any content marketing video strategy. Twitter is no exception. Shoot videos that quickly show people how to do something useful. Check out this video from Home Depot: A Smarter Home makes life easier more enjoyable. Here are 2 easy projects to get started. https://t.co/KxbKIgp0LE pic.twitter.com/0npqitB6jG - The Home Depot (@HomeDepot) August 31, 2016 Product Demonstration Videos Video is key for helping customers do product research. If you have a new product line, service, or feature, shoot a quick video showing how it works. Here’s an excellent example from Google: Capture and share VR photos with #CardboardCamera, now on iOS as well as Android. https://t.co/H4muxNBCSD pic.twitter.com/RFpcVMIyPx - Google VR (@googlevr) September 12, 2016 Culture Videos People love getting behind-the-scenes looks into brands they enjoy. It humanizes your product and helps people build a connection with who you are, and what you do. Twitter for Video is perfect for capturing candid moments around the office. That’s what online retailer RealTruck.com did when they held their own â€Å"Office Olympics†: Recap video of our office Olympics. Fun was had by all! https://t.co/GEb5WLavxP - RealTruck Culture (@RTCultureTeam) August 25, 2016 Recruiting Videos What is it like to work for your company? Show people! That’s what Amazon did in this example: Have you ever wondered what it is like to work for Amazon as a Software Development Engineer (SDE) ? VIDEO https://t.co/D5aITyVUZC #awscloud - Amazon Careers Dub (@AmazonDublin) July 12, 2016 Response Videos Social media is important for customer service. In fact, some brands are even using video to respond to customers. Next time you get a tweet from a customer, shoot a quick video response. It gives your communication a personal touch, and the extra effort will be appreciated. Promotional Videos If you have a sale or promotion, draw attention with a video. Here’s how Gamestop did just that: Enter the latest @GameStop promotion to win cool Gears prizes! #MyGearsMoment #Sweepstakes pic.twitter.com/jOPPuU3FTT - Rod Fergusson (@GearsViking) September 2, 2016 Shout Out Videos Do you have a partner or cause you want to shout out? Do it with a video. Take a cue from Zappos here: Happy Birthday to the National Park Service! 💠¯Ã°Å¸ â€ Get out there and #FindYourPark!#NPS100https://t.co/qDS4K68Fvl - Zappos (@zappos) August 25, 2016 Interview Videos Contact an influencer or subject matter expert, interview them, and get it on video. Then, share a clip on Twitter. Watch how Mention pulled this off: We asked 5 top influencersâÅ" ¨1 BIG marketing question. Watch 🎠¥ full video here: https://t.co/3SqpkIgopz #mktg pic.twitter.com/XkLiOocJvc - Mention (@Mention) September 12, 2016 Event Videos If you’re hosting an event or attending a conference, shoot a video and show people. Here’s one from Idealist: Had a great time at the @Idealist Grad Fair last night! How about you?!? #gradschool #goals https://t.co/ThWHlf74by pic.twitter.com/iLQB4jPMFn - Idealist Careers (@IdealistCareers) September 9, 2016 Wait, How Did You Embed Those Twitter Videos? Every video above has been embedded from Twitter.  Here's how to embed Twitter video content yourself. How To Embed A Tweet With A YouTube Link 1. Find a video tweet you'd like to embed: 2. Then, click the ellipsis and select Embed Tweet: 3. Copy the embed code and paste it into your content's HTML: 4.  If you're embedding your tweet into WordPress, paste the code where you'd like in the Text editor: 5. And here's what the end result looks like: In case you missed it! #FutureofMarketing for the #StateofInbound with @larrykim and @JoannaLord https://t.co/7LJMm92KGw - WordStream (@WordStream) September 13, 2016 How To Embed A Tweet With Native Twitter Video The process is mostly the same here. The only difference is you can choose to either embed the entire tweet (video, text, and links), or just the video: Here's what this video looks like on its own: Just checking out our applications new video feature. pic.twitter.com/zAKpoAzq6N - Brock (@BrockGAzure) September 13, 2016 Recommended Reading: How To Develop A Winning Social Media Content Strategy (Free Template) How Can I Create Better Videos For Twitter? We'll defer to Twitter themselves for this one with this handy infographic: Recommended Reading: How To Write Like A Journalist To Be A Better Marketing Storyteller How To Use Social Media Analytics To Create The Best Content How To Generate Better Social Media Campaign Ideas Like A Creative Genius Publish Twitter Videos With Social Video From Did you know you can schedule and publish Twitter videos in ? We  launched our Social Video feature just last week. It’s something we’re really excited about, and should make creating and scheduling video tweets a whole lot easier. Here’s how it works:

Bbusiness management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bbusiness management - Essay Example BMW focused on the market trends and strategies in order to get a hold on high share in the market. BMW Case Analysis What main trends are identifiable in the business environment in general and in the automobile market in particular in 2004 that might affect BMW’s strategy? The main trends that are identifiable in business environment mainly include the competition between the different brands of same product category. It is on the basis of the quality and differentiation that is created by every brand. In automobile market the most important trend that is identifiable is the uniqueness in terms of design, price, quality and convenience provided to every customer when it comes to use. Whether it’s for any segment, the prime objective of automobile industry is to provide the ease to use it. According to Porter’s Generic BMW is highly differentiated in the automobile market, and this differentiation was on the basis of brand itself that created different identity in consumers mind. BMW conveys a perception of prestige and dignity for the high-end users. Uniqueness in terms of design seems to be the most important weapon for any company to fight and to move in fast–paced automobile industry. But in 2004 the market for automobile industry became more concentrated and productive. ... ere was no issue of quality in this year because of rapid growth of automobile industry but consumers of North America and Western Europe started demanding cheaper cars due to economic instability which forced them to reduce the spending on non-essential goods, and this adversely impacted the matured car market. On the other hand the market of Asia especially in China the demand of high–end and expensive models increased. Henceforth, quality was not the issue in 2004 whereas every company was focusing on placing their brand on the top of automobile industry. The war was of branding not of quality because the quality was no longer an issue (Mathews, 2006). 1. Using Porter’s five-force framework, attempt an analysis of the competition in the automobile industry in 2004 (adopt the BMW perspective). Consider the time horizon of strategic planning and attempt to identify what future changes are likely for that period in the light of the factors at play in the macro-environme nt. Industrial Rivalry – The competition became so ferocious, there was no room for differentiation and growth was slow because industry was in the mature phase. So, the focus turned to price of the product in automobile industry. Those who set economical prices and uniqueness into their brands were ruling the market. Quality was the weapon and the design too but that no more be considered as factor for choice-making, it was necessary for car makers to look for quality of product. Profitability was affected badly due to various external factors as well as competition. Substitutes – In 2004 automobile industry was facing substitute like motor bike, boats and leisure cruises were immensely used. Potential Entrants – Deluxe cars like Ford entered the market with Jaguar and Volvo models and

An Invaluable Study with Slight Setbacks A Review of Weeks Coming Out Essay

An Invaluable Study with Slight Setbacks A Review of Weeks Coming Out - Essay Example A closer examination, however, of how specific social events influenced homosexual identity would have greatly aided in creating an understanding of the relationship and origins homosexual identity has in British society. Thus, Weeks emphasizes the structural existence of homosexuality, while failing to consider the forces that might have established this structure. "We tend to think now that the word 'homosexual' has an unvarying meaning, beyond time and history." Weeks writes. "In fact it is itself a product of history, a cultural artifact designed to express a particular concept." (3) Often who we define as a homosexual runs no further than the sexual acts in which a person engages. The basis of this definition, however, fails to consider what type of person is or is not a homosexual. Weeks suggests that the reasons for crafting this shallow connotation towards homosexuality appears to have been to provide a standard on which to label permissible and impressible behavior and also to limit the number of those who are viewed as untraditional. In addition to carefully describing the differences between historical and social aspects of homosexuality, Weeks makes sure to describe the differences in treatment towards various types of "homosexuals." Weeks pays particular consideration towards Lesbians, who Weeks describes as "invisible women" (80) and who debatably may have suffered even more hardships than homosexual men. Like most gender studies, Weeks also tackles the objective of showing that although the idea of "homosexuality" is a product of specific circumstances, homosexuality is wide ranging and alludes any historical or cultural constructs. After the introductory section of this book, these two objectives are placed in the background as tools for understanding the history of homosexuality in Britain.As Weeks linearly traces the development of homosexual struggles in England, he crafts the notion that the acceptance of homosexuality in England is growing significantly. Thus, homosexuality appears to be escaping the negative conceptions with which it has previously been associated. Weeks primarily bases his argument that the acceptance of homosexuality in England is growing by citing the increasing number of gay rights supporters. After levels of prejudice against homosexual rose to peak levels after World War II, radical movements in the 1970's by the Gay Liberation Front resulted in stagger numbers of supporters and gay badge wearers. Furthermore, Weeks makes a slight mention that homosexuality was once even more confined than is has been over the course of the previous centuries. Although homosexuality was prevalent, occurring in "knightly orders," "medieval scandals," and certain "monarch courts" (35), it was always confined. In Weeks's portrait of the widening acceptance of homosexuality throughout the previous century, he fails to create an in-depth portrait of how England's various cultural and economic transitions helped to impact perspectives of homosexuality. The book is not without its failures. I

Mercury: A toxic poison Essay -- Chemistry Metal Papers

Mercury: A toxic poison No other metal better illustrates the diversity of effects caused by different chemical species than does mercury. On the basis of chemical speciation, there are three forms of mercury: elemental, inorganic, and organic compounds. The major source of mercury is the natural degassing of the earth's crust, including land areas, rivers, and the ocean, and this source is estimated to produce on the order of 2700 to 6000 tons per year. The total man made release into the atmosphere is about 2000 to 3000 tons, and it is difficult to assess what quantities of mercury come from human activities and what quantities from natural resources. Run-off into natural bodies of water may contain mercury from both anthropogenic and natural sources, so it is difficult to assess how much released into the atmosphere is from man made or natural sources. Nevertheless, mining, smelting, and industrial discharge have been factors in the environmental contamination in the past. For instance, it is estimated that loss in water effluent from chloralkali plants, one of the largest users of mercury, has been reduced to 99% in recent years. Industrial activities not directly employing mercury or mercury products give rise t o substantial quantities of this metal. Fossil fuel may contain as much as 1 ppm of mercury, and it is estimated that about 5000 tons of mercury per year may be emitted from burning coal, natural gas, and from the refining of petroleum products. Calculations based on the mercury content of the Greenland ice cap show an increase from the year 1900 to the present and suggest that the increment is related both to an increase in background levels of mercury in rainwater and to man made r... ...lbut, K.M., FASEB 1992, 6, 2472-2476. 19.Boyd, N.D., Benediktsson, H., Hooper, D.E., Vimy, M.J., American J. Physiology 1991, 261, R1010-R1014. 20.Molin, M. Bergman, B., Marklund, S.L., Schutz, A. Acta Odontol. Scand., 1990, 48, 89-202. 21.Summers, A.O., Wireman, J., Marshall, B., Antimicrob. Agents & Chemotheraoy, 1993, 37, 825-834. 22.Gilbert, M.P. and Summers, A.O., Plasmid, 1988, 20: 127-136. 23.Intercontinental Medical Statistics, Canada, 1992. 24.Cohen, M.L., Science, 1992, 257, 1050-1055. 25.Thompson, C.M., Markesbery, W.R., Ehmann, W.D., Vance D.E., Nerotoxicology, 1988, 9, 1-7. 26.Palkiewicz, P., Zwiers, H., Nuerochem. 1994, 62, 2049-2052. 27.Lundstrom, I.M.C., Int. J. Oral Surgery, 1983, 12, 1-9. 28.Austrian Minister of health, Austria to be amalgam free by the year 2000. FDI Dental World, March/April, 1993, page 6.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

Abstract â€Å"It is very tempting for people not to think, to remain submerged in reality rather than aware of it, to be carried along by the current of events rather than creating their destiny through thoughtful, independent choices† (Chaffee, 2013). In this paper, the importance of philosophy is discussed in practical terms. Why is it important? What purpose does it serve and what reasons do people have for pursuing an education in it? How can this affect my life? The major branches of philosophy, which are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political & Social, Aesthetics and  Logic, are also discussed along with the contributing questions specific to each branch and what each branch focuses on. Philosophical Areas 3 Philosophical Areas of Inquiry, Personal Relations and Application As stated by Cicero (n. d. ), â€Å"Rightly defined, philosophy is simply the love of wisdom. † â€Å"The actual word philosophy is Greek in origin, and it is the composite of two Greek roots: philein, a Greek word for ‘love,’ and sophia, the Greek word for ‘wisdom. ’ Taken together, they mean ‘the love or pursuit of wisdom’† (Chaffee, 2013). There are so many reasons one would  want to study philosophy, and considering that we are all different, our reasons vary. â€Å"Philosophy means liberation from the two dimensions of routine, soaring above the well known, seeing it in new perspectives, arousing wonder and the wish to fly† (Walter Kaufmann, n. d. ). Studying philosophy is a life-changing experience. It is impossible to â€Å"unlearn† something once you have discovered it, so upon your mind being awakened, it cannot go back to sleep. This grants you the gift of having a new, more complete perspective of the world around you and of life in general. People are naturally inquisitive creatures. This is one of our biggest assets, as well as our biggest downfalls. Philosophy teaches you to think critically about important issues. This is something that takes time, effort and practice. Thinking critically isn’t necessarily easy, but the benefits are plentiful. The purpose of philosophy is to ask questions that â€Å"penetrate the surface of life to confront the deeper currents lying beneath† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 4). Due to there being so many different categories of philosophical questions to be answered and studied, there are several  branches of philosophy with questions specific to them and certain methodologies used in search of answers. These branches are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political & Social, Aesthetics and Logic. Metaphysics Metaphysics is â€Å"the study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). Bertrand Russell defines metaphysical philosophy as such, â€Å"Metaphysics, or the Philosophical Areas 4 attempt to conceive the world as a whole by means of thought, has been developed from the first by the union and conflict of two very different impulses, the one urging men towards mysticism,  the other urging them toward science. † Some of the major questions asked in this area of inquiry are, â€Å"What is the nature of reality? †, â€Å"What is the nature of self? †, â€Å"How are the mind and body related to each other? †, â€Å"Do we have personal freedom or are our choices limited? †, â€Å"What are the arguments for and against the existence of God? †, â€Å"Is there life after death? † and â€Å"Does life have meaning? † The methodology used in Metaphysics has expanded so much over the years since Aristotle. One method used for answering questions such as these â€Å"emphasizes the continuity of metaphysics with science. On this conception, metaphysics is primarily or exclusively concerned with developing generalizations from our best-confirmed scientific theories† (â€Å"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy†, 2014). Because of the difficulty answering some of these questions, some believe Metaphysics to be â€Å"impossible. † There is no current way to label a metaphysical statement either true or false, and therefore â€Å"impossible to find out what they are† (â€Å"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy†, 2014). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. This identifies and develops criteria, as well as methodologies, for what we know and why we know it (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). Some questions asked regarded epistemology are, â€Å"What is truth? †, â€Å"Can we ever really know anything? †, â€Å"What Philosophical Areas 5 are the sources of knowledge? †, â€Å"What is the relation between truth and knowledge? † and â€Å"How can you increase your wisdom? † This, â€Å"Defined narrowly†¦is the study of knowledge and justified belief,† according to the â€Å"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2014) or SEP. Now, this being said, there are sources of knowledge and justification in epistemology. These sources include perception, introspection, memory, reason and testimony. The limits to this branch of philosophy are skepticism, closure, relevant alternatives, denial, and moorean, contextualist & ambiguity responses (â€Å"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy†, 2014). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4thed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Ethics Ethics is the study of moral values and principles. Questions regarding ethics are things such as, â€Å"How should we treat other people? †, â€Å"Is there a ‘good life’ for humans? †, â€Å"What is the relation between moral values and religion? † and â€Å"How do we decide on the moral rightness of social issues? † (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). Everyday ethical concerns in life can include any topic  from capital punishment, euthanasia, lying, human rights, abortion, animal testing, cloning, slavery and pornography, among several others. The purpose of having and studying ethics is a way for people to ensure that the decisions made are following a preset ethical code or guideline. â€Å"Creating yourself to be a wise and knowledgeable person entails developing an enlightened moral compass that will guide your decisions. People typically rely on what they ‘feel’ is right Philosophical Areas 6 when faced with challenging moral dilemmas. The but we ‘feel’ is an unreliable moral guide†(Chaffee, 2013, p. 35). Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Political & Social Political and social philosophy is â€Å"the study of social values and political forms of government† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). â€Å"What is the nature of justice? † and â€Å"What is the most enlightened government? † are common points of inquiry from a political and social standpoint in philosophy. Political and social philosophy basically takes a look at the various methods people should govern themselves. According to philosopher, Baron D’Holbach, â€Å"Politics must conform to the essence and aims of society, not to the passions of rulers. † This means analyzing the values that the society should be based on, keeping in mind individual rights and justice. Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Aesthetics Aesthetics studies beauty, taste and art. Two very distinct questions that are specific to this branch are as follows: â€Å"What is the nature of beauty? † and â€Å"What is art? † â€Å"It analyzes efforts to establish standards for beauty in all of its various manifestations. And it explores the nature and purpose of art in human affairs† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 37). Have you ever heard of the saying, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder†? Well, this is the branch of philosophy that examines how to identify principles of beauty. Other questions related to this asked in aesthetics are â€Å"Are there Philosophical Areas 7 universal standards of beauty, or are they relative to cultural and individual taste? † and â€Å"Is there one core concept of beauty or many different concepts? † Citations Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Logic Logic is the branch of philosophy that â€Å"seeks to establish the rules of correct reasoning, clear understanding and valid arguments† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 31). â€Å"What are the logical principles of correct reasoning? † and â€Å"How do people use incorrect reasoning to reach false conclusions? † are questions associated with this branch. In this branch of philosophy, critical thinking is one of the most important skills needed. Citations Chaffee, J.(2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Development: Philosophy & Culture Religion, philosophy and culture are said to be the three pillars or elements of human reality. How does this tie into thought development? What is the relationship between philosophy and culture? â€Å"†¦compared to the feet with which Man journeys towards his destiny, philosophy could represent the eyes that scrutinize that journey, and culture, the earth on which Man is walking during his concrete pilgrimage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Panikkar, 2000). Depending on one’s approach to examining this matter, it may be difficult to separate religion from philosophy. For example, with an intercultural approach, it would not be possible, for religion and philosophy would both be dependent upon the culture. The reason that the two are inseparable sometimes is, according to Philosophical Areas 8 Panikkar (2000), â€Å"Philosophy is but the conscious and critical accompaniment of Man’s journeying towards his destiny. This journeying is called religion in many cultures. † Citations Panikkar, R. (2000). Religion, Philosophy & Culture. Retrieved from http://them.polylog. org/1/fpr-en. htm Personal Attachment to Inquiry Philosophical Areas 9 Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that sticks out to me the most and resonates closest to my innermost self. The runner up is metaphysics, because I do find myself questioning and wondering on the meaning of life and things of that nature. However, I have decided a long time ago that the meaning of life is specific to the person. Whatever it is that drives you, motivates you and keeps you pushing forward, that is your meaning; your â€Å"why†. Epistemology fascinates me because of its questions regarding knowledge and truth. Just because we know something, does that make it truth? In the Taoist religion, the journey you embark on is to enlightenment. The purpose of Taoism is to find truth and to see the whole picture, the entire picture, for what it is. Not many make it to such a spiritual level such as that, but that is the reason for working so diligently internally. I have always admired Buddhist and Taoist for these reasons. As far as cultural influence on my decisions goes, I would have to admit that the American culture does not have as much to offer (that I am seeking, at least) as other cultures do. I am proud of my heritage, but my culture is a different story. I feel like I’m searching for something, yet cannot pinpoint what that something is. Hopefully by the end of this course I will have a better outlook and idea of what that thing is. References Chaffee, J. (2013). The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2014). Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/metaphysics/ Panikkar, R. (2000). Religion, Philosophy & Culture. Retrieved from http://them. polylog. org/1/fpr-en. htm.   

Free Speech Essay - 2198 Words

When you think about America, the first thing that comes to mind is liberty. Liberty of the government and its citizens is one thing that colonists exceedingly desired during the British oppressive regime. When United States gained independence, the Founding Fathers drafted the Constitution of the Unites States, a document that has been governing our country for more than 200 years. The constitution was drafted accordingly to ensure that people’s opinions were heard. What our Founding Fathers could not foresee is that in our 21st century, The Freedom of Speech not only gives a person such a massive power, but also an opinion even if it is immoral and goes against citizens’ values. Thesis statement The First Amendment is the right that†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, not only hates groups express their opinion tremendously, but also the press tends to over use its power. The issue with the press is that journalists often publish misleading and unverified information about public figures. Thence it gives a bad image for figures such as celebrities or politicians and manipulates the public opinion. For the past century, the Supreme Court has been protecting journalists from being sued on â€Å"libel† and â€Å"slander†. Not only it gives such an enormous power over public opinion to journalists, it makes people question the unfairness of the First Amendment. Transition Paragraph I chose this subject because foremost I am concerned with growing hate in this country. While the United States government advocating for diversity, people still believe that all Muslims are terrorists and gay people are immoral and dangerous as well. We live in civil tolerant society which is necessary for mankinds survival and if we continue to stretch unlimited tolerance to those individuals who are intolerant and immoral, we are simply going to become victims of the aggression of intolerance from these individuals. Moreover, the destruction of another human being is a criminal act and it doesnt matter whether a weapon is used or words. II. BODY Hate Speech #1 On March 10, 2006 it was funeral of MatthewShow MoreRelatedFree Speech Or Freedom Of Speech Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesof Freedom, basically we are entitled for legal freedom to do whatever we wanted to. However, the freedom of speech has been challenged by many university students and educators recently. In their argument, they believe that free speech has triggered students’ unhappiness and jeopardize campus’ safety. What is the free speech or freedom of speech? According to dictionary, freedom of speech is the right of people to express their opinions publicly without governmental interference, subject to theRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1689 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom; and no such thing as public liberty, without freedom of speech.† With this quote in mind, freedom of speech should surely be guaranteed right in a every institution. There are various forms of free spee ch to powerful speeches at a peaceful protest to a girl posting a selfie. Freedom of speech is the key concept that is basis of every human right. This inherent right should be protected and supported in a place where youngRead MoreFree Speech Freedom Of Speech1180 Words   |  5 PagesFree speech shall not incite evil and hatred in this country. 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The purpose of using this document by Emily Foster is to use the contents of the article to help support their current position on the act of democratic censorship, but wither it be in a way to promote censorship in order to maintain order, or to remove censorship as a way to promote free speech is unclear toRead MoreFree Speech And Hate Speech1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween hate and free speech is, and what the first amendment does to control them both. The first amendment states that congress shall make no law that abridges the freedom of speech. But to what extent should language be protected? The rights of one man should reach until they shadow over another’s. Meaning free speech is protected until it violates the rights of another. Hate speech is the line where free speech becomes unconstitutional. The contrast between free speech and hate speech is a heavily